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                	<p>一、向加利福尼亚进军<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 如今的美国加利福尼亚州繁华、创新、充满魅力，早已成为国人心之向往的梦幻旅行地，然而它从拓荒开发到如今的繁荣昌盛其实还不到两百年，而最早的旧金山只不过是一个渔村。加利福尼亚的崛起和黄金热密不可分，成千上万人都加入了这股淘金浪潮。可恐怕很少有人知道，这所有的黄金其实都只属于一个人，他的名字叫约翰·奥古斯特·苏特尔。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 苏特尔原本只是一个被指控为破产者和窃贼的亡命之徒，面临着欧洲几个法庭的审判，不得已抛家弃子来到新大陆讨生活。最初他生活在纽约，然而“西部”这个词渐渐对他产生了诱人的魅力。关于这片土地的详细情况，谁也说不清楚，但它那神话般的富饶，已变得家喻户晓，传说在那一片土地上遍地流的是牛奶和蜂蜜，人人可以随便取用。只不过那是一片遥远的地方，无穷无尽的远，要到那里去是有生命危险的。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 不过苏特尔浑身都是冒险家的血液，安居乐业并不能吸引他。1837年的一天，他变卖了全部家产，向陌生而遥远的西部远征。他驾着一条破旧的帆船，渡过太平洋，先到达夏威夷群岛，然后沿着阿拉斯加的海岸，历尽千难万险，最终在一个名叫圣弗兰西斯科（也就是如今的旧金山）的荒凉地方登陆。当时的圣弗兰西斯科可不是如今这样一座拥有数百万人口的大都市。当时的圣弗兰西斯科仅仅是一个贫穷的渔村，加利福尼亚也无人管理，一片荒芜，是美洲新大陆最富庶的地区中一片未开垦的处女地。第二天，苏特尔就向当地总督毛遂自荐，获得了十年的土地租期，他决心在这片土地上建立一个全新的王国。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 一切进展都很顺利，苏特尔从夏威夷群岛带来了卡拿卡人，这些勤劳的有色人种非常能干，再加上这里的土地异常肥沃，播下去的种子都能获得五倍的收成。不久，卡特尔的小王国就粮食满仓，牲畜成群，果实累累。河道水渠、磨坊工场、海外商店都纷纷兴建起来。没过几年他就登上了事业和人生的巅峰，他给自己的妻儿写信，把他们一并接了过来。他觉得现在一切都掌握在自己的手中，他是这片土地的主人，是世界上最富裕的阔佬之一，而且将永远富裕下去。<br/><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 二、天赐黄金<br/>1848年，苏特尔的一个木匠突然心情激动地冲进他的家里，将苏特尔推进房间，锁上房门，从口袋里掏出一把含有少许黄色颗粒的沙土，他说他昨天掘地时突然注意到这种奇怪的金属，他认为这就是黄金，可是别人却嘲笑他。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 苏特尔严肃地对待了此事，把泥土送去化验，没想到结果正如那木匠所猜测的那样。他内心无比兴奋，因为据人们记忆所及，迄今为止还没有人能如此轻而易举地得到黄金——黄金竟会完全暴露在地面上，而这片土地却是属于他的，是他苏特尔的财产。苏特尔把自己身边的几个白人召集到一起，要他们发誓对此事保守秘密，直至锯木场建成。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 然而事情发展的完全出乎他的想象。世界上最最富有的人？不——他后来成了地球上最贫穷、最可怜、最绝望的乞丐。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 八天以后，秘密被泄露，是一个女人把这事对一个过路人讲了，还给了过路人几颗黄金细粒。接着发生的一切可真是史无前例。苏特尔手下的人一下子全都离开了自己的工作，不顾一切地去寻找黄金，一夜之间，整片土地就被人弃置不顾了。而电讯此时却不停地传播着发现黄金的好消息，跨过陆地，越过海洋。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 人们从四面八方涌来，掀起一股疯狂的淘金热。这些淘金者简直像一群蝗虫。他们不承认任何法律，只相信拳头；他们不承认任何法令，只相信自己的左轮手枪。他们都在苏特尔的地产上挖掘黄金，就像在自己的地里一样；也没有人敢对这群亡命之徒说一个不字。无数的人靠着黄金发家致富，一座城市也以梦幻般的速度在圣弗兰西斯科的土地上矗立起来。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 只有苏特尔再次破产。他两眼直瞪瞪地看着这种豪夺，木然无神。起初，他还想同他们争夺，他想同自己的仆人和伙伴们一起敛取这份财富，可是所有的人都离开了他。于是他只好从淘金区完全退出来，回到一座与世隔绝的山麓农庄，远离这条该诅咒的河流和不圣不洁的泥沙，与自己的三个儿子发奋劳动，在肥沃得出奇的土地上默默耕耘。而他的内心却在孕育着一项宏伟的计划。&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<br/><br/>三、最富有的乞丐<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1850年，加利福尼亚已并入美利坚合众国的版图。在合众国的严格治理下，无政府状态终于被制止了，法律重新获得了权力。于是苏特尔突然提出了自己的权益要求，而此案所涉及的范围之广是人类历史上闻所未闻的。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 苏特尔控告了17221名在他的种植区安家落户的农民，要求他们从私自强占的土地上撤走，他还要求加利福尼亚州政府支付给他2500万美元，作为对他私人兴建的那些道路、水渠、桥梁、堰堤、磨坊等的赎买金；要求联邦政府支付给他2500万美元，作为对他的农田遭受破坏的赔偿。此外，他还要求从挖掘出来的全部黄金中得到他的份额。为了打这场官司，他把自己的第二个儿子埃米尔送到华盛顿去学法律，并且把自己从几个新农庄中所获得的全部收入统统花在这场耗资无数的官司上。他用了四年之久的时间才办完所有上诉的法律程序。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1855年3月15日，审判的时候终于到了。廉洁公正的法官汤普森——这位加利福尼亚州的最高长官裁定苏特尔对这片土地的权益要求是完全合法和不可侵犯的。到这一天，苏特尔总算达到了目的，他成了世界上最最富有的人。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 可是事情的发展没有到此结束。命运又一次同苏特尔作对，给了他致命的打击，而这是使他永世不能翻身的一击。判决的消息传开之后，圣弗兰西斯科和整个加利福尼亚席卷起一场大风暴。数以万计的人成群结伙举行暴动。所有感到自己财产遭到威胁的人、街上的无赖歹徒和一贯以抢劫为乐事的流氓一起冲进法院大厦，把它付之一炬。他们到处寻找那位法官，要将他私刑处死。他们集结成一支声势浩大的队伍，前去洗劫约翰·奥古斯特·苏特尔的全部财产。苏特尔的长子在匪徒们的围困下开枪自尽了；第二个儿子被人杀害，第三个儿子虽然逃了出来，但在回家的路上淹死了。只有苏特尔自己好不容易捡了一条命。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 经过这一次打击，苏特尔再也不可能东山再起了。他的事业全完了，他的妻儿都已死去，他的神志已混乱不清。在他已变得十分糊涂的脑子里，只有一个念头还在不时地闪烁：去寻求法律、去打官司。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 他就这样行乞似的一直奔波了20年，日复一日地围绕着国会大厦踯躅，所有的官吏都嘲笑他，所有的街头少年都拿他开心。而他，其实是地球上那片最富饶土地的所有者。<br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 直到1880年7月7日下午，苏特尔终于因心脏病猝发倒在国会大厦的阶梯上，从而万事皆休——人们把这个死了的乞丐抬走。这是一个死了的乞丐，但在他的衣袋里却藏着一份申辩书，它要求按照世间的一切法律保证给他和他的继承人一笔世界历史上最大的财产。然而从没有人满足过他的要求。这一生命运给他的唯一权利就只有后世对他莫名惊诧的回忆。</p>
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                    	同读一本书
                        第28期
               	  	
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                    <h4><a href="281.htm" tppabs="http://www.duyou8.com/book/281">人类群星闪耀时</a></h4>
                    <a href="281.htm" tppabs="http://www.duyou8.com/book/281"><img width="160" src="281.jpg" tppabs="http://bj.bcebos.com/duyou8//book/small/281.jpg" alt="人类群星闪耀时读书笔记"/></a>
                    
                  <div>作者:茨威格</div> 
                    <div>领读人:<a href="javascript:if(confirm(%27http://www.duyou8.com/user/1  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Ultra, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?%27))window.location=%27http://www.duyou8.com/user/1%27" tppabs="http://www.duyou8.com/user/1">東</a></div>
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                    	开始时间:
                      
                         2016-08-11
                      
                      
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                    	结束时间:
                         
                            2016-08-23
                        
                        
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